Kili 01- Route Notes




Excerpts from
                     Kilimanjaro & Mount Kenya - A Climbing and Trekking Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                by M. Burns

 Map of routes


The Route


  While the Marangu Route is dubbed the Coca-Cola Route, the Machame Route is known as the Whiskey Route. It's more expensive to ascend, and its fantastic views are much more intoxicating.
  Like other forest routes on this side of Killi, the Machame Route is generally considered an ascent route. When combined with the Barafu Route on Kibo to the summit and the Mweka Route as a descent through the forest (also known as the Machame-Mweka Route), it is easily the best forest/moorland route for acclimatization on Kilimanjaro, as well as one of the most scenic outings on the mountain.
  It climbs slowly through the forest before emerging on the edge of the Shira Plateau and joining the Shira Plateau Route, then traverses the mountain, taking in the South Circuit Path, with overnight stops at Barranco Hut and Barafu Huts before a slow grind up Kibo to the sum- mit. Because of the slow ascent, this combination route has the highest rate of success of any route on the mountain.
      The Machame Route, by itself, is also the second most beautiful route on the mountain after the Umbwe Route. It starts above the village of Machame, on the southwestern slopes of Kilimanjaro. Like most villages in Africa, Machame has no real center but is strung along the road for several kilometers. To reach the village, drive west on the Arusha-Moshi Road from Moshi for 13 kilometers, then turn right onto the Machame Road (signed) and drive another about 7 kilometers. When you reach the village market, veer left between the buildings. Another few kilometers of steep dirt road will lead to the well-marked Machame Gate.


MACHAME ROUTE: MACHAME 6ATE TO MACHAME HUTS / DAY l

       Ascent: 1,800 meters to 3,000 meters
       Distance: 10 kilometers
       Time. 5 to 6 hours

The trail bypasses the park offices to the left (west), then follows a four- wheeLdrive road for several kilometers before it begins thinning to a narrow jungle track that follows a ridge. The trail is well used, so losing it is not an issue. Five to 6 hours of hiking brings you to Machame Huts, at 3,000 meters. Like nearly all the huts on Kill--except those on the Marangu Route--they are Uniports in a state of disrepair. There are good camping sites on the hillside above the huts (to the east), and fresh water is available from the creek down the steep hill behind the huts to the northwest.


MACHAME ROUTE: MACHAME HUTS TO SHIRA HUT / DAY 2

       Ascent: 3,000 meters to 3,800 meters
       Distance: 7 kilometers
       Time: 5 hours

   From Machame Huts, the trail enters the moorlands and more or less follows a fin of volcanic rock protruding from the mountain. About 2 hours from Machame Huts, the trail reaches a semicircular rock wall that must be negotiated. The wall is a scramble (American Class 3), but it is short (8 meters), and exposure is not a problem. The average per- son with no climbing experience whatsoever--can manage it. Above the wall is a scenic rest stop.
    Next, the trail heads northwest, away from Kibo, and crosses two streams before emerging on the $hira Plateau, near Shira Cave. Shira Hut lies a few hundred meters to the northwest. Most parties camp near the cave, as Shira Hut is old and dirty.

At this point, the Machame Route has joined the Shira Plateau Route.
Shira Plateau Route, below.)


SHIRA PLATEAU ROUTE

 To reach the trailhead for the Shira Plateau Route, drive west from Moshi [i on the Arusha-Moshi Road for 26 kilometers, then turn right (north) ~for 22 kilometers to the town of Sanya Juu. Often your guide will stop in Sanya Juu for last-minute supplies or lunch. From Sanya Juu, it's another 40 kilometers or so to Londorossi, and the roads get progressively worse. To the first-time visitor, LondorossI looks like a town straight out of a Hollywood Western. It is constructed entirely of wood, and its  dirt streets conjure up images of Tombstone. It's easy to go the wrong  way in Londorossi, but watch for signs pointing to the Londorossi Gate.      It's possible to drive the 11 kilometers from the gate all the way to  the trailhead at 3,500 meters; however, the road is extremely rough.  (There are no facilities at the trailhead except an outhouse-style toilet.)


SHIRA PLATEAU ROUTE: SHIRR PLATEAU ROUTE TRAILHEAD TO SHIRA HUT / DAY 1

        Ascent: 3,500 meters to 3,800 meters
        Distance: 6 kilometers
        Time: 4 hours

From the trailhead, the trai! goes east, breaking out across the center of the Shira Plateau. About 3 to 4 hours' walk from the trailhead, you will reach Shira Hut. There are many campsites within the first few kilome- ters along the Shira Plateau Route, and a late start from Moshi often necessitates camping before reaching Shira Hut.
Shira Cave lies another 20 minutes' walk to the south-southeast of Shira Hut. Most parties camp here rather than at Shira Hut, which is old and dirty. There is camping near the cave (about 5 minutes' walk to the westssouthwest of the cave), where a second large cave often serves as a kitchen/campsite for porters and guides. There is a tremendous pile of garbage at this camp, and at night, dozens of dik-dik roam about, picking at the mess. Camping in the Shira Cave is prohibited. There is a wooden toilet building next to it.
Water is available from several sources. If you've come up the  Machame Route, there are two creeks back along the Machame Route, toward Machame Huts. The first stream is about a 10-minute walk from Shira Cave. A closer water source is a creek about 300 meters direcdy west of Shira Cave. Sometimes, however, this creek dries out.
From Shira Hut, it is possible to go in several different directions: to Lava Tower Hut, to Moir Hut, or to Bartanco Hut. That's because just east of Shira Hut, the Shira Plateau trail meets the North Circuit Path, which gives numerous options.
Because most dimbets who use the Shim Plateau trail (or portions of it) are either headed for the Western Breach Route on Kibo or doing the Machame-Mweka combination route, those two sections of trail are covered below.


SHIRA PLATEAU  ROUTE: SHIRA HUT TO ARROW GLACIER HUT / DAY 2 OPTION l

       Ascent: 3,800 meters to 4,800 meters
       Distance: 6 kilometers
       Time: 3 to 4 hours
From the Shira Cave area, the Shira Plateau trail skirts right (south) of the cave and then follows a long, low, thin fin of rock for several kilome- ters before it slowly trends southeast, aiming for a striking tower of rock, Lava Tower. About halfway between Shira Cave and Lava Tower, the North and South Circuit Paths join the Shira Plateau trail. The junc- tion is not well marked. In fact, the only indication that you have inter- sected the North and South Circuit Paths is some red spray paint on a rock stating "Moya Hut" (Moir Hut).
At this point, you can follow the North Circuit Path left (north) to Muir Hut or the South Circuit Path right (south) to Barranco Hut, or you can go straight, which takes you toward Lava Tower Hut and the trail up to Arrow Glacier Hut.     After intersecting with the North and South Circuit Paths, the Shira Plateau trail flattens out a little bit and continues east4outheast to Lava Tower.
    Just after the intersection, the trail crosses a fairly deep valley, and climbing out of it is a grind. Above this hill, the path crosses two broad, flat valleys before reaching Lava Tower Hut (4,500 meters). The hut is a ruin, and the area is rarely used for camping.
Lava Tower Hut is the ~ po'mt for the Western Breach area (also known as the Arrow Glacier area) and the Western Breach Route. Just east of Lava Tower, the small trail to Arrow Glacier Hut angles off up  hill to the northeast. It's a couple of hours' walk to Arrow Glacier (4,800 meters), which is nothing more than a ruin.

SHIRA PLATEAU  ROUTE: SHIRA HUT TO BARRANCO HUT / DAY 2 OPTION 2

     Ascent: 3,800 meters to 3,900 meters
     Distance: 10 kilometers
     Time: 5 to 6 hours

There  are two ways of getting to Barranco Hut from Shira Hut. Each   offers different way to go around Lava Tower.
  The first way is to follow the trail described above, which leads to    Lava Tower Hut. From Lava Tower Hut, stay on the main trail as it   descends east and south around Lava Tower. The trail to Arrow Glacier Hut will go up the steep hill to the left. This route around Lava Tower is    highly recommended as it aids in acdimatization and is very scenic.   The other way is to follow the Shira Plateau trail east, toward the   intersection with the North and South Circuit Paths (see Day 2, Option   1, above), then go south and east on the South Circuit Path, around  the south side of Lava Tower.
Both routes around Lava Tower join up east of LavaTower and continue down a beautiful valley to the Barranco Wall area and Barranco  Hut  another dirty metal shell.


SOUIH CIRCUIT PATH

If you climb any route other than the Marangu Route, you will likely take in some portion of the South Circuit Path. As the name implies, the trail circumnavigates the southern side of Kibo and connects the Shira, Lava Tower, and Barranco Huts, as well as the Barafu and Marangu Routes. The South Circuit Path is extremely well marked and easy to follow.
    On its eastern end, the path starts at its intersection with the Marangu Route, near the Saddle. On its western end, the path connects with the Shira Plateau trail as the latter reaches the eastern end of the Shira Plateau, below the Western Breach area. Because most parties that use the South Circuit Path will travel it from west to east, I have described the trail in this direction. The South Circuit Trail begins on the Shira Plateau, just east of the North Circuit Path Shira Plateau trail intersection, east of the red spray paint stating "Moya Hut." The start of the trail is not well marked, and many parties miss it.
     From the above intersection, the trail winds down a rocky hill and  goes south around Lava Tower, connecting to a junction with the Bar-  ranco Hut-Lava Tower Hut trail on a ridge. From this junction, which  has several signs and is well marked, it is 2 hours or so of easy hiking  down the valley to the east to reach the Barranco Hut area.      The Barranco Hut area is fairly spread out. A camping area lies close  to the South Circuit Path; however, the hut itself is located about 10  minutes' walk down the Great Barranco Valley, on the west side of the  valley. Two small valleys are crossed to reach the hut from the South  Circuit Path.
     On the eastern side of the Great Barranco Valley is the Barranco  Wall, a 300-meter barrier of volcanic rock that must be negotiated to  continue east on the South Circuit Path. From the Barranco Hut area,  the path heads north for a few hundred meters, then crosses a river  before switchbacking up the wall. Although it's tall and looks incred-  ibly steep, this wall is very easy to climb up or down. It's similar to  climbing a set of stairs with the occasional short section of ladder  thrown in for good measure. There is very little exposure, and the  views are terrific. The South Circuit Path then crests the Bartanco Wall and arrives at  a high alpine desert area, best described as a plateau, although it has  several small valleys cutting across it from north to south.
   The top of the Barranco Wall is the best place to access the southern Porters near the junction of the South Circuit Path and the Mweka Route, Kilimanjaro (Photo c Cameron M. Burns) glacier routes (Rebmann, Decken, Kersten, and Helm Glaciers) on Kibo, and a trail leading north toward the glaciers is cairned. The South Circuit Path then descends and winds its way through  the many small valleys crisscrossing the high alpine desert. The last valley on the plateau is the deepest and has a stream running through  it, wJ~ich is the last water for many kilometers. After another few kilo-  meters, the trail meets the Mweka Trail on a ridge. This is the way to access Barafu Huts and Bararia Route. If you are doing the Machame-Mweka combination, turn left (north) and follow this trail.
     If you are headed for the Marangu Route, continue east until the  Marangu Route is intersected in the Saddle.
    If you are going west on the South Circuit Path from the Marangu Route, you may have a hard time finding the start of the trail. It starts in the area of the Saddle, where it is best identified by a small wooden sign saying "Saddle." The South Circuit Path heads east behind this sign.


KIBO

There are numerous options to reach the summit of Kibo (5,895 meters/ 19,341 feet), and thus Kilimanjaro, from the high huts on the forest and moorland routes.
    Ninety percent of those trying the mountain will opt for the Nor- mat Route, the continuation of the Marangu Route. Probably another 9 percent will opt for either the Bararia Route (from the Barafu Huts to the summit) or the Western Breach Route, a slightly more difficult route that ascends the western side of the mountain, but which has an unwar- ranted reputation among nontechnical climbers as being very difficult. All three routes require nothing more than lots of warm clothing and a good pair of trekking shoes or boots.
    Other major, but rarely climbed, routes on Kibo include the south- ern glacier routes (Rebmann, Decken, Kersten, and Helm Glaciers) and the Breach Wall area routes.
    All the southern glacier and Breach Wall routes have elevation gains of about 1,300 to 1,400 meters; require 5 to 7 kilometers of travel; and take, for the most part, 2 days. The other routes on Kibo (including hiking routes) have elevation gains of about 550 to 1,000 meters; require about 5 kilometers of travel; and take 1 day.

  The following route descriptions begin with the Normal Route (also  Marangu Route) and move dockwise around the mountain. The standard descent for all the technical mountaineering routes on  Kibo is to follow one of the walking or scrambling routes (Normal, or Western Breach) down.


NORMAL ROUTE (WALK)

Although this route has traditionally been called the Normal Route, many people simply call it the Marangu Route, as it's something of an extension of the Marangu forest/moorland route to the summit of Kibo. It was first climbed by M. Lange and Weigele on July 6, 1909.
     The trail leaves the Kibo Hut area at 4,700 meters and heads north  between the porter/guides buildings, then turns left (west) toward Kibo.  Most parties will want to leave the Kibo Hut area at around midnight or  h00 a.M. to catch sunrise over the summit of Mawenzi, and also be-  cause they'll likely be going much more slowly than expected. Also, in  the wee hours of the morning, the trail is frozen, so hiking it is not as  strenuous as later in the day.
     After leaving the buildings, the trail follows fairly gentle terrain up  to the Hans Meyer Cave, at about 5,150 meters. Above the cave, the  trail steepens considerably as it switchbacks up to Gillman's Point (5,680  meters), on the crater rim.
     The attrition rate on the last section of the route to Gillman's Point  is tremendous, and it's not uncommon to see dozens of climbers turn  back. At Gillman's Point, the summit will come into view across the  crater. The trail drops down a few meters into the crater and then fol-  lows along the crater rim, passing Stella Point, where the Barafu Route  reaches the crater rim and the minor knobs of Hans Meyer Point and  Elveda Point.
     Although the walk around the crater rim to the summit is not par-  ticularly steep anywhere, it is extremely tiring, and it's necessary to rest  frequently. It takes about 2 hours for the average person to get from  Gillman's Point to Uhuru Peak (5,895 meters/19,341 feet), the highest  point on Kilimanjaro.

BARAFU ROUTE (WALK)


 Like the Marangu Route, the Barafu Route up to the summit is essen-  dally a continuation of a lower route--the Mweka Route--through the  forest, and thus it is often referred to as the Mweka Route. The Barafu Route starts at Barafu Huts (4,600 meters), which sit atop a prominent ridge on the eastern side of the Southeast Valley. The Southeast Valley lies off to the left as you look at the summit from Barafu Huts. The Barafu Route is steep but does not entail anything harder than a stiff hike.
    The route climbs the rocky prow of the rib above the hut before winding its way up a very steep gravel trail to the rim. The trail follows the far right side of the Rebmann Glacier; off to the far right is the Ratzel Glacier, which has melted away so considerably in the last ten years that it's hard to tell it's a glacier.
    It takes about 5 to 6 hours to get to Stella Point (5,795 meters), on the rim of the crater, then another hour or so to reach Uhuru Peak (5,895 meters/19,341 feet).



Map of routes